Total population
65,00,000 (10% of Tamil population)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Tamilnadu, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
Languages
Tamil, English, Indian Languages
Religion
Saiva Siddhantam, Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Kshatriyas, Mukkulathor, Tamil People.
Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar The Undisputable Leader of Mukkulathor (From Subcaste – Maravar)
Kallar (Tamil: கள்ளர்) also known as Kallan comes from the Tamil word Kallam meaning "Thief, Robber, One who steals". Kallars are one of the three related castes which constitute the Mukkalathor confederacy. "A fearless community shows many signs of independence and non-submission to any form of subjugation". They are people of high valour and strongly resisted every British attempt to subjugate them. Kallars are found largely in Thanjavur, Trichy, Pudukkottai, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Sivagangai, Ramanathapuram, Karur and Kanchipuram districts of Tamil Nadu. The Royal House of Pudukottai belongs to the Kallar community.
Significant Kallar population also found in Srilanka and Malasia, Samy Vellu, Ex-Works Minister (lost in 2008 election) and Leader of Malaysian Indian Congress, S. Thondaman, Leader of Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are notable persons outside Tamilnadu.
Contents[hide]
1 Mukkulathor
2 Surnames
3 Sangam Age
4 Chola
5 Pallavas
6 Tamil copper-plate inscriptions
7 During Vijayanagar Empire
8 Notable Reformers
9 Current Status
10 See also
11 External links
12 References
//
[edit] Mukkulathor
Mukkulathor meaning Three clans (Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar) Combinedly called as Thevar (Estimated population 1,30,00,000). The caste name "Kallar/Kallan" means "Temple Priest" (பூசாரி) in Sangam Tamil. The caste name Maravar/Maravan means "Grateful people".
Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar are collectively known as "Moovender". Thevar means divinities or rulers. During early years the Kings were portrayed as Gods and so were known as Thevar or Devar (in Sanskrit.
[edit] Surnames
In Tamilnadu Kallars are called by various Surnames, these names comes to them during various times by the place they have ruled, the place of the battlefield and to state their strong valour and bravery in the battle with the foreign forces.
There are over 2,000 surnames in use among the community. There is no other caste in the whole of South India which have this many surnames. Some of the commonly used surnames are:
Thondaiman, Adigaman, Paluvettaraiyar, Thevar, Malayaman, Annuthipiriyar, Amballakkarar, Vaanathiraiyar, Rajaliyar, Servaar, Angarayar, Kaadu Vettiyar, Kalapadiyar, Senathipathiyar, Kandiyar, Mathurayar, Mannaiyar, Kalingarayar, Vanniyarchittachiar, Pattangattiyar (Pattukati).
Kanndapillai, Vanniyar, Vallavaraiyar, Sethurayar, Thanjaraayar, Kurusar, Pallavaraayar, Vandaiyar, Etrandaar, Vaanavaraayar, Servai, Soma Naicker, Muniyarayar (Munaiyatriyar), Thondamar, Mayrkondar, Kallathil Venrar, Nattar (not the Nadar/Shanar caste), Cholagar (Solagar), Solangadevar, Kumarandar, Anjathevar, Olivarayar, Sendapiriyar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar, Kaadavaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Veeramundar, Sepillaiyar, Vallundar, Chozhangaraayar.
Mazhavaraayar, Kommatti Mootar, Kannakkarar, Irungular, Singilaar, Ponnapoondar, Pullavaraayar, Araimeendar, Vairayar, Ponpethiar, Gopalar, Putthi Kalindar, Manrayar, Sundayar, Vayaadiyar, Vanniar, Alankara Priyar, Mavaliyar, Keerudayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar, Madhavarayar, Onthiriyar, Serumadar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Palandar, Mankondaar etc.[2]
It is a general practice in Southern Tamil Nadu to address a Thevar woman as Nachiyar.
[edit] Sangam Age
Thondaiman
The Kings (Araiyars), known as Thondaiman were then ruling Thondai Nadu (Thondaimandalam). There are hundreds of records pertaining to this dynasty. Thondai in Tamil means Kilai or Pirivu, Pallava in Sanskrit means the same, that proves that Thondaimans were the Pallava Kings who ruled the medieval Pallava dynasty and who were in fact a later offshoot of the Chola dynasty.
Malayaman
The Kings (Araiyars) ruled Tirukkoyilur during the ascendancy of the Chola empire, with the title Malayaman (which is one of the family name of the Kallar community). They were in close relation with Cholas. Sangam literature mentions of Tirumudikari, a Malayaman chief who fought alongside Perunarkilli Chola to defeat Cheral Irumporai (Irumporai Cheras).
Adigaman
The Kings were ruling Tagadur, present day Dharmapuri district. One of The Four kingdoms Mentioned in rock-edict of Ashoka. Adigaman Naduman Anji King of Tagadur is Mentioned in rock-edict of Ashoka as Satyaputras inscriptions found from Villupuram proves that stating Adigaman (which is one of the family name of the Kallar community) as Satyaputra Adhiyan Neduman Anji intha Pali.
[edit] Chola
The Chola Dynasty (Tamil:சோழர் குலம்) was a native Tamil dynasty that ruled South India and Ilangai (Ceylon) until the later half of the 13th century A.D. The other two Tamil Royal dynasties are the Pandyas and Cheras. And Pallavas are later offshoot of Cholas, In Sangam Tamil lexicon the word Chola means new country, the word Pandiya means old country, the word Chera means hill country and the word Pallava means branch in Sanskrit, proving the latter as the offshoot of Cholas.
The Chola dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. Karikala Chola was the most famous among the early Chola kings, while Aditya I, Parantaka I, Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola, Kulothunga Chola and Kulothunga Chola III were notable emperors of the medieval Cholas.
Kalapadiyar, Melkondar, Chozangar, Thevar, etc are now used by Kallars only shows that Cholas, Pallavas and Early Pandyas were from the Royal community of Kallars. The Bramanda puranas Puvindra puranam and Kalla Kesari Purannam also Mentions the same.[3]
Lots of marriages takes place between cholas with malavarayar[4], malayaman[5], Paluvettaraiyar[6],Melkondar[7] and Vallavaraiyar. they also belongs to Kallar community.[8] [9][10]
[edit] Pallavas
The word Pallava (Tamil: பல்லவர்) means branch in Sanskrit, denoting that they are a later offshoot (Kilai) of Cholas. The Pallava kingdom was a medieval Dravidian Tamil dynasty of South India that had its capital at Kanchipuram and ruled Northern Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh (till Northern Circars) around the 4th century CE.
They rose in power during the reign of Mahendravarman I (571 – 630 CE) and Narasimhavarman I (630 – 668 CE) and dominated the Andhra Pradesh and Northern parts of Tamil Nadu for about six hundred years until the end of the 9th century.
The word Pallava means branch in Sanskrit. The word is rendered as Tondaiyar in Tamil language. The Pallava kings at several places are called Thondamans or Thondaiyarkon. The territory of the Pallavas was known as Tundaka Visaya or Tundaka Rashtra. The Sanskrit meaning of Pallava is Kilai The Tamil Thondai means the same, it shows that Pallavas are descendants (Kilay or Pirivu) of Cholas.
Pathupattu, one of the Sangam literatures, reads that the King Thondaiman Ilandirayan ruled this town around 2,500 years ago. The Pallavas are told as the descendents of Thondaiman Ilandirayan.
They were also called by surnames like Sethurayar, Pallavarayar, Vandarayar, Kadurayar, Vallavarayar, Vanathirayar, Kaliyarayar..[11]
[edit] Tamil copper-plate inscriptions
The discovery of Indian copper plate inscriptions provided a relative abundance of new evidence for use in evolving a chronicle of India's elusive history.
During chola rule there were many small kings(Araiyar) were Ruling there Respective area under Chola. Some of the names are seen in Tamil copper-plate inscriptions was also mentioned in Ponniyin Selvan (Tamil historical novel written by Kalki Krishnamurthy
Thondaiman(தொண்டைமான்)
Paluvettaraiyar(பழுவேட்டரையன்)
Malayaman(மலையமான்)
Vallavaraiyar(வல்லவரையன்)
Muniaraiyar
Puvaraiyar
Velar(வேளார்)
Vanataraiyar
[edit] During Vijayanagar Empire
The downfall of the Mukkulathors occurred in 1345 with the fall of Vira Pandyan IV and the subsequent conquest of Madurai by the Delhi Sultanate. However, the southern territories of the Sultanate soon asserted their independence and the Mukkulathors recovered under the Vijayanagar Empire and later under the Nayak dynasty during whose period they served as Polygars or chieftains.
The South-western parts of Tamilnadu except for Kongu Nadu was called as Kallar Nadu (Thanjavur, Trichy, Pudukkottai and part of Madurai) and was governed by Kallar Palayakkarar.
Ambalakarar is the most important people, they are feudal chiefs of the villages and towns they ruled during 18th century. They were a warlike people who strongly resisted every British attempt to subjugate them. They are found in Madurai, Trichy and Sivaganga districts. In these districts, each village is headed by an Ambalam (president of an assembly) and the Ambalam took upon themselves the power to adjudicate disputes that arose among the inhabitants in the "NADU", belonging to different castes. They used to hear complaints, hold inquiries and punish the offenders. They wielded considerable powers to intervene in any kind of transaction or transfer of property among the people. No land could be alienated from one man to another without the permission of the Ambalams. The sur-name "Ambalam"is given to them, because of their Administration in their Villages. So they are mostly called as "Ambalam".
Thenpandi Singam by M. Karunanidhi is a book about Ambalakarars and he was also Awarded "Raja Rajan Award" by Tamil University, Thanjavur for that book and it was also been taken as a serial in Sun TV, and music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. [12]
[edit] Notable Reformers
Although there are Many Kings, Polygors, Zamindars and Land lords the main occupation of kallar is Warrior, hence many Kallar Families struggled for income During British rule and after independence.. There were many reformers served for their Community.
Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar (முத்து ராமலிங்க தேவர்)
-Freedom fighter, Politician, a descendant of Pandyas of Ramnad and known for his close friendship with Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose.
P. K. Mookayya Thevar (1923 – 1979) (மூக்கையா தேவர் )
-Founder of the Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar college, President of All India Forward Bloc.
H. R. H. Rajagopala Tondaiman.
-Maharajah of Pudukottai (Thondaiman dynasty of Pudukkottai)
Nadigar Thilagam Chevalier C.Sivaji Ganesan (நடிகர் திலகம் சிவாஜி கணேசன்)
-Famous Actor, Legend in Tamil film History.
Navalar N.M Venkatasamy Nattar
-Tamil scholar, Tamil Activist.
Zamindar V. Gopalsamy Rajaliar (மேன்மை பொருந்திய வா. கோபாலசாமி ரகுநாத இராசாளியார்)
-Philanthropist, President Indra Kuladibar Sangam.
N.P Manicham Errthaandaar. (மக்கள் தொண்டர் ந.பா.மாணிக்கம் ஏற்றாண்டார்)
-Founder Mukkalathor Higher Secondary School and Tamilnadu Maanavar illam, Thiruverumbur, Founder Urimai murasu magazine(1954).
Late Rao Bahadur Sri. A.Veeriya Vandayar(Poondi. Vandayar)
-Leader Kallar Maha Sangam Previous to starting Mukkulathor Sangam
G.M. Premkumar Vandayar, (பிரேம் குமார் வாண்டையார் )
-Founder Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam (MMK)
G.M. Sridhar Vandayar, (ஸ்ரீதர் வாண்டையார்)
-leader of Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam (MMK)
DR.A.Srinivasan Vanniyar
-Founder President Tamilnadu Kallar Sangam
R.V.Swaminathan
-Freedom fighter(recipient of "Thaamarai Pattam"), Ghandhian, social reformer (worked for the upliftment of Harijans and caste people alike), ex-cabinet minister, close confidant of late prime minsters, Nehruji and Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
Late V.K.C. Natarajan I.A.S.,
-One of the first higher civil servants from the community. Co-founder of the Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar College at Usilampatti.
Late. AYYA. P.Tamilrasan Kalapadiyar. Dmk activist
[13] [14]
[edit] Current Status
Although a great many of the members are still agriculturalists, many have also progressed up the social ladder as doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, politicians and civil servants. Large number of people from the community are in the National Armed Forces of India. Large number of people serving the Tamilnadu Police Department.
[edit] See also
Malayaman
Mukkulathor
Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam
All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam
[edit] External links
http://www.thevar.in
http://www.thevarcommunity.com/
http://www.devaronline.com/
http://www.kallarsangam.com
http://kallar.weebly.com
http://devarcaste.wetpaint.com
[edit] References
^ Census of India 2001
^ Kallar Marabinar in Pattapeyargal Oru Varalarru parvai, Pattangattiyar (Pattukati) By Sivabatham
^ "கள்ளர்". ta.wikipedia.org. http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D.
^ "South Indian Inscription". www.whatisindia.com. http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_23/introduction_1.html.
^ "South Indian Inscription". www.whatisindia.com. http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_22/part_1/kulottunga_3.html.
^ "South IndianInscription". www.whatisindia.com. http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_13/introduction_1.html.
^ "South Indian Inscription". www.whatisindia.com. http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_2/no_21_north_wall_lower_tier.html.
^ Rajarajan Meikirthigal By Pandarathar
^ KalvethugalKurum Unmaigal By Pandarathar
^ "South Indian Inscriptions Volume13". Archaeological Survey of India. http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_13/introduction_1.html. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
^ "கள்ளர் சரித்திரம்". www.thinnai.com. http://www.thinnai.com/?module=displaystory&story_id=20212014&format=print&edition_id=20021201.
^ Thenpandi Singam by M. Karunanidhi
^ "Kallar". www.kallarsangam.com. http://www.kallarsangam.com.
^ "Kallar (கள்ளர்)". kallar.weebly.com. http://kallar.weebly.com.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallar_(caste)"
I luv dis blog which is perfectly dedicated to our community
ReplyDeleteGreat iam from same community kallar
Deleteguys my ancestors is from alangudi,im not sure of my kula deivam,as i my knowledge its thannir sangili karupper,but not very sure
Deletekalam + man = kallan is powerful ...........
ReplyDeleteproud.....
ReplyDeleteGreat to know about my community, informative.
ReplyDeleteSUPER ONE MAKES SUPERMACY OVER TAMILNADU THEVANNNNN A SUMMAAVAAA
ReplyDeleteWhy ,draupady , ganga , bhooma devi , saraswaties . sitas , and other devies and other good peoples were always and again and again insulted and were victim of cruielties and crimes .and why girls like taraka(tataka) and her mother and her souls were accused and became culprits and why could not become good humans and peoples like others . why peoples became so bad and wrong even girl and ladies insulted ladies ,
ReplyDeleteWas kunti and kunti's humans and other souls were real cuilprits , in the 2012 ,13 ,2014 were beaten and killed very badlly by the gods like bharama , guru bhiraspati ,dakshina moorti , two goddess might be ganga and draupadi and other gods like may be ram ,krishna , and others
Were putana , who tried to kill krishna by making drink milk and other women ,like holika and other womens and others were culprits or were became the cuplprits of wrong and bad traditions or bad karmas of karmas or some other traditions
Why krishna ,rama ,shiva and others mahans elder peoples were good peoples and indras and others peoples were bad
crores and crores have been destroyed and are being buried alive under earths , throughwn into hells and made landless ,
why others peoles could not become good humans and good peoples
who were those peoples , which has been and being killed ,destroyieded ,
whose generations were , why were bad peoples , were really bad , why
could not became good peoples ,
Were rama and ravana were
enemy ? , if i am not wrong rama shakti and murgan and veerbhadra are
same avatars .(savarupnaga , ravana sister and sita might had been the close
relative) .
which peoples would had some wrong and intercaste marrages . intercaste marrages would had been the cause of quarrels there would had been great conspirancies to kill the peoples. which were from the westren and south westron parts of himayalas .in many stories of dakasa prajapati story also many wrong and multy wifes and mishappenigs happened . ( peoples which had to make lifes good and better , used the criminals ,enemities and wrong ideas and methods for spoiling and destroying the lifes )
Culprits and cruel peoples , who had done cruelities
on brahma and saraswati , and ganga and sita , ahiyilia , draupdi and on
many goddesses and gods ,and on good peoples ,
crores and crores of peoples are being killed ,destryoed in such a way no one can find out , and given different shapes and made to bad brains and minds ,
genetical deshaped and disorded to lusty and bad brains and bad minds .
are made from single soul to multy humans souls to suffer and painful
creatures to never become humans and buried alive under earth and even
killed into stomaches and made to toilets and throughn into hells like
toilets
{my views , which i found some what truth )my views may or may not be acceptable truth.}
ReplyDeleteMany ramayanas are there , like valmiki ,vashist ,kamb, ramanujan ,ramayanaa are few of many other versons of ramayana ,
what is the meaning of ramayana found ,– ramayana = ram +ayan ( ayan meaning came ) ,
according
to some stories ahyilyia was cursed by gotham rishi , Ahalya was
converted to stone ,As for Ahalya, Gautama granted her the boon that she
would be brought back to human form by the touch of the feet of Lord
Rama .
so rama avatar would had been made (incarnated) ,thus how many ramas would had been created ,
would gotham rishi would be knowing about rama avatar ?
like
ramayana so many ahilya versons are there ,( like in a verson , ganga
tells to gautam , it is mid night not the bath time go to home and see
some thing would have been wrong ) .
how many Ahilyas storeies
would had been made and how many gautams would had been made and how
many ahilyas lifes would had been spoiled ,how many indras would had
been made and how many girls/boys souls would had been made to sit in
hen or cock and make sound (cock crow) .thus how many would had been
made culprits ,sinners ,bad brains ,bad habituals of bad acts and bad
karma .
and those cuilprits , sinners are/would had been made to quarrel and killed in the wars of ramanyana .?
mahabharta
, would had took placed for the revenges and the cruelties happened on
ladies ( like savarupnakha ,sita ) . to show the cruelities ,gamblings
were played and sarees were made to removed
like ramayana vishvamitra story would have many versons and vishvamitras
mahabharata
would had been happened for revenges of ramayana and ramayana would had
been happened for ahiylia and what would be reason behind ahiliyia
insult was conspirancies or any ones evil idea .
really how many
would had been real culptits and how many would had been created and how
many would had been victims of vengences and eneyminities and how many
peoples souls would had been killed
killed peoples would had been
given births to different parents , differnt mothers ,different fathers
, and thus differnt marrages would had taken places in past birth some
ones mothers would had been wife of some another person .and some wrong
and illigal methods and would had been used like rapes for the birth and
for enemities and revenges .
thus quarrels would had been on increasing ,and peoples and souls became culprits and victims .
according
to one of the satguru video in the past arround 18 millions years 1.8
crores years ago and one of the papa ji ( h.l. punja ) video , arround
80 millilons years ,8 crores years ago some incarnations had took placed
and some wrong things and wrong marrages and wrong interchanged
childrens were given births by the other not by their husbands .
like this millions and millions peoples are accused .
( peoples which had to make lifes good and better , used the criminals
,and wrong ideas and methods for spoiling and destroying the lifes )
More than 99 % of peoples, gods ,souls had been inocents ,had not been
victims . if polatictics , conspirancies , crimanilites ,some wrong
traditions and some wrong rules of few from the ancient times would had
not been made.
why the wrong and mishappenings happened and
happenings from the very ancient times , why peoples went wrong for
wrong marrages wrong acts
Why the gods , devatas , peoples and
humans became wrong of bad wisdoms and wrong acts and bad karmas ,crores
and crores of peoples ,were all the peoples were bad .why became bad
instead of becoming good humans and peoples
for examples of very few , link given below–copy & paste
1/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2doBdnY8H8E
2/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OByGdKO4814Why
அன்பார்ந்த தமிழ்நாடு முழுமையும் உள்ள மதிப்பிற்குறிய நாடக மற்றும் தெரு கூத்து கலைஞர்களே!
ReplyDeleteநான் K. மணி சுந்தரம் வயது 52 தமிழ் திரைப்பட உலகில் பிலிம் எடிட்டராக திரைக்கதை ஆசிரியனாக இயக்குனராக தயாரிப்பாளராக சுமார் 25 வருடங்களாக பணியாற்றி வருகின்றேன்.
உறுப்பினர் – தமிழ் திரைப்பட வர்த்த்க சபை (Rock Fort Films)
உறுப்பினர் தமிழ் திரைப்பட இயக்குனர்கள் சங்கம்
உறுப்பினர் தமிழ் திரைப்பட எழுத்தாளர்கள் சங்கம்
நான் கடந்த 2013ல் ‘வீரன் மாறன்’ என தமிழ் திரைப்படத்தை எழுதி இயக்கி தயாரித்து தமிழ்நாடு முழுவதும் 100 திரையரங்குகளில் வெளியிட்டுள்ளேன்.
தற்சமயம் எனது இரண்டாவது படத் தயாரிப்பாக நான் எடுக்கப்போகும் திரைப்படத்தில் தமிழ்நாட்டில் உள்ள நாடக மற்றும் தெருக்கூத்து கலைஞர்களை மட்டுமே பங்கு கொள்ளும்படியாக சிறிய பட்ஜெட்டில் ஒரு திரைப்படத்தை எழுதி இயக்கி தயாரிக்கும் ஆர்வத்தில் முயற்சியில் தீவிரமாக இறங்கியுள்ளேன்.
நான் எழுதி இயக்கி தயாரிக்க இருக்கும் இந்த சிறிய பட்ஜெட் திரைப்படத்தில் நீங்கள் நடிக்க விரும்பினால் உங்கள் வயது இப்போதைய புகைப்படம் மற்ற விபரங்களுடன் நீங்க்ள் எங்களை தொலைபேசியில் மற்றும் பின் அஞ்சலில் தொடர்பு கொள்ளவும் .
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